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Mohammad Bahmanbeigi (1919–2010), sometimes rendered Mohammad Bahman Beigi, was an activist of education for nomadic communities in Iran. Bahmanbeigi was born into the Iranian Qashqai tribe in the southern region of Fars.His family headed a small clan,〔Richard P. Garlitz, November 2008, Academic Ambassadors in the Middle East: The University Contract Program in Turkey and Iran 1950-1970, A PhD dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University, p101〕 so Bahmanbeigi was educated, attending university in Tehran. == Working with the American program of Point Four == Already in the 1950s, a new law for foreign aid had passed in the Parliament of the United States of America and an agreement of cooperation had been signed with the government of the Shah. A young man from the Qashqai tribe was recruited by the Point Four (foreign aid) Administration and taken to the United States of America. This young man, by the name of Bahman-Beygi, was shown the school system in the American Indian reservations, designed to assimilate the Indians into the American lifestyle and alienate them from their land and traditions. It was assumed that the nomadic pastoralists of Iran were equivalent to the "Indians" of the United States. Bahman-Beygi was instructed about how to brainwash the minds of the young students in order to alienate them from their tribes and implant in them an insatiable thirst for the modern, urban life far removed from the realities of nomadic pastoralism. He came back to Iran and convinced the Shah to let him organize an innovative tribal school system, based on mobile schools held in tents. The tents were white against the backdrop of the black tents of the nomads. The white tents were to symbolize, in the very words of Bahman-Beygi "purity and enlightenment against the darkness and ignorance of the evil black tents!"〔 ( Expressed publicly to M. T. Farvar by Bahman Beygi in the 1977 National Seminar on Namadism, Kermanshah, western Iran )〕 The methods of learning were harsh and rote, reminiscent of a fascist system of education, and were inculcated into selected tribal teachers, recruited from the very tribes. Each teacher was given a white tent and was armed with tolls for conditioning the innocent children. When hearing criticisms of his rote methods of learning, for instance that they were not conductive to encouraging thinking, Bahman-Beygi would retort: "These children are not supposed to think; they are simply supposed to carry out the programme I have implanted in them."〔(Bahman Beygi expressed these words to M. T. Farvar in 1977 in the same seminar )〕 Mohammad Reza Shah had effectively replaced the bullets of his father with American-inspired chalks. Both were instruments for sedentarisation and the second was even more pernicious than the first in undoing the very basis of nomadism in Iran. In October 28, 1954, Mr. Bahmanbeigi has been chief of tribal education of the American program of Point Four in Shiraz, Iran. According to the confidential classified documents of the embassy of the United States in Tehran, Mr. Robert L. Funseth, American Vice Consul in Tabriz, reports to Mr. Bryant Buckingham American Consul in Isfahan: “While discussing informally and unofficially the general subject of the tribes with Mr. Bahmanbeigi, chief of tribal education program of Point Four in Shiraz, I learned that Khosro Khan had visited General Azizi on Sunday, October 24 (1954). According to Bahmanbeigi, Khosro Khan is presently living at Firuzabad.” In October 1954 Mr. Funseth introduces Mr. Bahmanbeigi as: director of the Point Four tribal education program. According to his report: “Background on Bahmanbeigi: about 40 years old. Is a member of the Amaleh tribe. His father is in the mountains with his sub-tribe. Bahmanbeigi is a graduate of the University of Tehran Law School. He directs the Point Four tribal education program.”〔 Also, Mr Funseth writes: “Bahmanbeigi visited the United States in 1952 for six months on a private visit. This trip was mostly financed by Khosro Khan. He speaks good English. He told me that because he opposed Khosro in his abortive act of last year (1953) he has lost favor with him. He implied that he was active in forming an opposition to the Khan’s acts.” According to Dr. Clarence Hendershot, a frequent visitor to the schools as the American Education Director in Iran from 1961 through 1965, the tent schools program proved the most successful primary education project that Point Four engaged in Iran; it functioned exactly as a low modernization technical assistance project should. Gagon provided crucial help with gathering important demographic data, procuring supplies and training teachers during the first two years of the program before the Ministry of Education offered its support. The Americans also shaped the teaching methods to some degree, though many of Bahmanbegi’s ideas resulted at least as much from his own trips to the United States. The program itself, however, was almost exclusively Iranian in execution. Iranians taught and maintained the schools with Bahmanbegi firmly in charge. American influence declined rapidly after the Iranian Ministry of Education assumed financial responsibility for the program in 1955, and Bahmanbegi left the Point Four payroll. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mohammad Bahmanbeigi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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